France’s national borders and other boundaries.
Borders are natural or virtual lines marking the boundaries between two different nations and comprising sections known as dyads. These lines mark the limits of the jurisdictions of the individual sovereign States according to international public law and are governed, as a general rule, by treaties registered with the UN.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, despite giving the impression of being divided, Europeans had the potential to dominate the world due to their substantial lead in fields such as science, technology, transportation and armament. Those days are now behind us. The World Wars of the 20th century, for which Europe itself was responsible, significantly weakened the continent, causing it to lose the lead it once held. Today, “continent-sized nations —established or rising global powers such as the United States, China, India, Russia and Brazil—represent a significant challenge for Europeans. It is easier for these nations to discuss or negotiate bilaterally with individual European countries, who are in a weaker position, than to face a united Europe, which is, still today, the world’s leading trading force and second largest economy. On their own, our old European nations, even the most powerful ones (Germany, France, etc.), are no longer a match for these “continent-sized nations”
Youth participation in policy making within the European Union is essential for creating a democratic society that reflects the diverse perspectives of its citizens. Despite various initiatives aimed at increasing engagement, youth involvement in formal political processes remains a significant challenge. Comprehensive studies have highlighted that socio-demographic factors such as age, education, and social class significantly influence political participation among young people.
Since Russia’s full-scale attack on Ukraine two years ago, the EU has reentered towards strengthening its defense capabilities and cooperation. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell presented a Strategic Compass for Security and Defense to the EU that protects its citizens, values, and interests to contribute to international peace and security.
Few ideas appear with such regularity in discourses about European defence as the “European army”.
With the Russian Invasion of Ukraine, the question of how to ensure European Security remains largely unanswered. As it appears that Russia will not back down from it´s maximalist war aims in Ukraine, European Countries are still looking for an adequate response. Looking beyond this conflict, the Republican Nominee for the Election of 2024, Donald Trump, has already proven to be an unreliable ally, at one point even suggesting that Russia should attack NATO if Allies that are not paying their share. Especially this position might throw the future of the Transatlantic Alliance out of balance, which would leave Europe to fend for itself.
The European project binds our nations together in a shared destiny, forged from our past and embraced in every moment of the present. It’s a blend of our triumphs and trials, cherished memories, and a collective willingness to move forward together. Nuclear weapons, as we’ll explore, are part of this shared heritage, embodying both our history and our joint strategic interests.
The article presents the results of a study of the Joint Communication by the EU Commission and the High Representative on a new European Defence Industrial Strategy, by EURODEFENSE Working Group 30 – “A comprehensive approach regarding the commissioning of new equipment in the EU in the framework of the CSDP”
The purpose of the monthly EuroDefense-Portugal Newsletter, with original articles published in Portuguese/English, is to bring to everyone’s attention EuroDefense-Portugal’s publications, as well as the opinions of some experts on European Security and Defence, and on topics that have marked the current month in Portugal, Europe and the world.
The purpose of the monthly EuroDefense-Portugal Newsletter, with original articles published in Portuguese/English, is to bring to everyone’s attention EuroDefense-Portugal’s publications, as well as the opinions of some experts on European Security and Defence, and on topics that have marked the current month in Portugal, Europe and the world.
The purpose of the monthly EuroDefense-Portugal Newsletter, with original articles published in Portuguese/English, is to bring to everyone’s attention EuroDefense-Portugal’s publications, as well as the opinions of some experts on European Security and Defence, and on topics that have marked the current month in Portugal, Europe and the world.