Mediterranean Observatory – Report on the Middle East and North Africa

Since the last Report sent to the President Council last November 2016, the situation in the Middle East and North Africa is not showing any signs of improvement. It continues to deteriorate and at the same time is in a permanent flux. The roots of this instability can be found first, in a broader participation of some
external actors to this region and second, to the decrease of activities from countries of the region, mainly due to the worsening of their economic situation as an outcome of lower oil prices added to the realisation that the rebel groups they are helping to fight in
Syria are leaning towards the Al Qaeda ideology and praxis.

Common Security and Defence Policy in flux

Implementation of a Member State-driven Coordinated Annual Review on Defence is being developed by the European Defence Agency and will be submitted to the Member States. This initiative must change ingrained sovereign habits and guarantee increased cooperation and synergies, with some elements carried out within NATO. The EDA will presumably propose a pragmatic and incremental approach, which will likely get the
agreement of Heads of States and Governments. We hope this will profoundly improve the interactions between Member States. This should be better shared with citizens and in particular with youth. In response to the rise of nationalism, the EU must promote the perception of and belief in a common destiny.

L’Europe de la défense en mouvement

Au cours de ces derniers mois, plusieurs documents innovants ont été publiés concernant la Politique de sécurité et de défense commune (Stratégie Globale de l’UE, Document de mise en œuvre, Feuille de route UE-OTAN, Plan d’action de la Commission) conduisant à des décisions importantes, qui mentionnent un rapport d’étape dès mars et de nouvelles orientations stratégiques annoncées pour juin 2017.

Mediterranean Observatory – The Political Situation in the Middle East

Some nations of the Western world took domination of the Middle East from the Ottomans and exercised it for almost a century. They created entities that were modelled on European nation-states. However these entities did not conform to the definition of a nation in a region predominantly Arab and Muslim. And this reality was not taken into account because at the lower level there were tribes, clans and ethnic groups that were divided by new borders.